Codeine is a prescription opioid painkiller used to treat mild to moderately painful conditions. It accomplishes this by attaching to the opioid receptors of the brain and spinal cord to minimize the perception of pain. Codeine also functions as a powerful antitussive, or cough suppressant, which works by altering the cough center in the brain.
Codeine can be found as a stand-alone drug, typically in tablets or liquid, and is frequently combined with other medications like acetaminophen or ibuprofen for greater pain relief. It is also found in some cold and flu medications to help alleviate symptoms such as cough and general aches. Because of its opioid nature, codeine is prescribed carefully, considering dosage and patient background in order to reduce the chance of dependence and side effects.